This is one of the most common questions I get as an IBCLC, and a completely valid one. The good news is that for most everyday illnesses, it is safe to continue breastfeeding. It is actually beneficial to continue as it provides your baby with an extra layer of protection. In this article, we will walk through how breastfeeding during illness can support your baby’s immune system, as well as the situations in which extra caution may be needed.
Breastfeeding During Illness Supports Baby’s Immunity
By the time you start to notice symptoms, your body has already started producing the antibodies necessary to fight the viral or bacterial infection you are experiencing. Through breastfeeding, you directly pass these antibodies onto your baby and provide targeted immune support that reflects exactly what your body is responding to. What makes this process particularly remarkable is how quickly it adapts, often before you are even aware that you are sick.
When you are ill, this process becomes even more important. Your body is able to curate a custom immune boost of antibodies for your baby based on your current illness. These antibodies coat your baby’s respiratory and digestive tracts, which are the first places that germs tend to enter and infect. This allows the antibodies to neutralize any threats of infection before they have a chance to spread through the body.
Most routine illnesses do not require you to stop breastfeeding, including:
- Colds
- Flu
- Stomach viruses
- Fever
- COVID-19
- Sinus Infections
While continuing to breastfeed, you can increase protection for your baby by following proper infection-prevention techniques. This includes hand hygiene and wearing a mask when you are in close contact during feeding. If you are coughing and sneezing, following these simple precautions can limit your baby’s exposure to the illness while still allowing them to benefit from your milk. (Verhasselt et al., 2024)
When Extra Caution Is Needed While Breastfeeding
There are a few situations where breastfeeding may need to be paused or managed very carefully, including but not limited to:
- Active, untreated tuberculosis
- HIV (recommendations vary by country and health system)
- Certain medications that pass into the milk in high concentrations
If you are prescribed a new medication or are unsure about safety while breastfeeding, a healthcare provider or IBCLC can help guide you through safe options and alternatives when available.
Managing Common Discomforts While Nursing
When you are unwell, breastfeeding can feel more physically challenging. Here is what I most commonly see as an IBCLC and tips for managing it:
Engorgement
When you are sick, fatigue and low energy can make it more difficult to nurse or pump as frequently as usual. This can cause your breasts to feel more full or engorged. Gentle breast massage before feeds, warm compresses prior to nursing, and cold compresses afterward can help you relieve discomfort and support milk flow.
Dizziness and Lightheadedness
Fever, dehydration, and tiredness can lead to dizziness and lightheadedness when standing or nursing. It can be very helpful to keep fluids and snacks nearby, feed while sitting, and slowly change positions.
Nausea, GI Upset, & Decreased Appetite
Illnesses such as stomach viruses can make it difficult to tolerate your regular meals. During this time, small, bland meals, such as bananas, rice, applesauce, or toast, can help combat stomach discomfort and low appetite. Prioritizing fluids like soups and electrolyte drinks can help you stay hydrated, which is beneficial for both a quick recovery and continued breastfeeding.
Tips for Maintaining Milk Supply When You’re Unwell
One of the most common breastfeeding issues I see as an IBCLC during illness is often a temporary dip in milk supply. This is usually related to factors such as dehydration, fatigue, decreased appetite, and insufficient sleep. To support your supply as your body heals, remember to:
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Rest as much as you can
- Fuel your energy with snacks or small meals
- Continue to nurse or pump on your regular schedule
Supporting your energy level is just as important as staying hydrated and well-rested. Eating balanced meals and snacks not only supports your own energy, but also helps you maintain a healthy milk supply. Small, frequent meals can be especially helpful when your appetite is especially low. Once your illness resolves, your supply typically returns to normal. Prioritizing rest, hydration, and nourishment allows both you and your baby to move through illness as safely and comfortably as possible.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical diagnosis or treatment. Seek the guidance of your healthcare provider, IBCLC, or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or your baby’s health.
Reference: Verhasselt, V., Tellier, J., Carsetti, R., & Tepekule, B. (2024). Antibodies in breast milk: Pro-bodies designed for healthy newborn development. Immunological reviews, 328(1), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13411
